As an English Teacher, we should know the sub skills which are included in English teaching - learning. Here they are; the sub skills in English teaching-learning:
Writing Subskills:
- Know the orthography and the writing system of the second language.
- Use appropriate word order.
- Use good standard grammar.
- Know how to express a particular meaning using different grammatical forms.
- Benefit from the use of synonyms, antonyms, and other literary devices.
- Use cohesive devices.
- Use writing conventions.
- Use writing strategies such as writing drafts or asking for peer correction.
- Be able to structure a text into paragraphs and use devices such as thesis statement.
- Be able to write purposefully and meaningfully.
- Be able to produce writing at efficient rate, especially during examinations.
Brown also mentions the writing sub skills, they are:
- Microskills:
1. Produce graphemes and orthographic patterns of English.
2. Produce writing at an efficient rate of speed to suit the purpose.
3. Produce an acceptable core of words and use appropriate word order patterns.
4. Use acceptable grammatical systems (e.g., : tense, agreement, and pluralization), patterns, and rules.
5. Express a particular meaning in different grammatical forms.
6. Use cohesive devices in written discourse.
- Macroskills :
1. Use the rhetorical forms and conventions of written discourse.
2. Appropriately accomplish the communicative functions of written texts according to form and purpose.
3. Convey links and connections between events, and communicate such relations as main idea, supporting idea, new information, given information, generalization, and exemplification.
4. Distinguish between literal and implied meanings when writing.
5. Correctly convey culturally specific references in the context of the written text.
6. Develop and use a battery of writing strategies, such as accurately assessing the audience`s interpretation, using prewriting devices, writing with fluency in the first drafts, using paraphrases and synonyms, soliciting peer and instructor feedback, and using feedback for revising and editing.
Reading Subskills:
These are the reading sub skills which are mentioned by Brown :
- Microskills :
1. Discriminate among the distinctive graphemes and orthographic patterns of English.
2. Retain chunks of language of different lengths in short term memory.
3. Recognize a core of words, and interpret word orde patterns and their significance.
4. Recognize grammatical word classes (noun, verb, etc) systems (tense, agreement, pluralization) pattern, rules and elliptical forms.
5. Recognize that a particular meaning may be expressed in different grammatical forms.
- Macroskills :
1. Recognize the rhetorical forms of written discourse and their significance for interpretation.
2. Distinguish between literal and implied meanings.
3. Detect culturally specific references and interpret them in a context of the appropriate cultural schemata.
4. Develop and use a battery of reading strategies, such as scanning and skimming, detecting discourse markers, guessing the meaning of words from the context, and activating schemata for the interpretation of texts.
Listening Subskills
- Microskills :
1. Discriminate among the distinctive sounds in English.
2. Recognize reduced forms of words.
3. Distinguish word boundaries, recognize a core of words, and interpret word order paterns and their significance.
- Macroskills :
1. Recognize the communicative function of utterances, according to situations, participants, and goals.
2. Infer situations, participants, goals using real-world knowledge.
3. Distinguish between literal and implied meanings.
4. Use facial, body language, and other non-verbal clues to decipher meanings.
5. Develop and use a battery of listening strategies, such as detecting key words, guessing the meaning from the context, appealing for help, and signaling comprehension or lack the thereof.
Speaking Subskills
- Microskills :
1. Produce differences among English phonemes and allophonic variants.
2. Produce reduced forms of words and phrases.
3. Produce fluent speech at different rates of delivery.
4. Produce speech in natural constituents : in appropriate phrases, pause groups, breath groups, and sentence constituents.
5. Use cohesive devices in spoken discourse.
- Macroskills:
1. Appropriately accomplish communicate functions according to situations, participants, ad goals.
2. Convey facial features, body language, and other non-verbal cues along with the verbal language.
3. Develop and use a battery of speaking strategies, such as emphasizing key words, rephrasing, providing a context for interpreting the meaning of the words, appealing for help, and accurately assessing how well your interlocutor is understanding you.
Those are the sub skills in English, and hope this post can help you to know more the sub skills in English skill. Thank You!
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