• Grammar 2!


    After posting the easy one, I was thinking for posting the new one, and here they are. The Simple Past Tense and The Present Perfect Tense.
          I`ve got this materials when I was in 3rd semester, and I want to share this for you all, to help you know more about simple present tense and also the present perfect tense! Please Enjoy!

    SIMPLE PAST TENSE
    The simple past tense is used to express that something happened, took place, or was finished at some time in the past.
    “Always used with the past time markers such as: yesterday (yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon, yesterday evening, last Sunday, last week, last month, last year, ago, a week ago, two days ago, three weeks ago, four months ago, five years ago, the day before yesterday).”

    We use the simple past tense when the time is definite.
    The rules for making the simple past tense of regular verbs are :
    a.      Add –ed to the most of the verbs:
          eg. Ask       -asked
                Stay      - stayed
                Answer  -answered

    b.      Add –d if the verbs end in-e
           eg. Arrive  -arrived
           change  - changed


    c.       Add –ed if verbs end in a consonant+y. change the y to –i
           and then add –ed
          eg. Study  -studied
                cry      -cried

    d.      For some verbs, add –ed if the verbs end in one vowel+one consonant, then repeat the consonant then add –ed.
          eg. Stop   -stopped

    This is the simple past tense of the verb “go” :
    I/we/you/they/he/she/it- went 
    Did –I/we/they/he/she/it-go? Yes, I did. No, I did not.
    But there are some verbs that are irregular. We call these verbs irregular verbs :
    eg. Buy-bought
         come-came
         drink-drank, etc


    PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
    The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfect aspect, used to express a past event that has present consequences.

    It is made with have/has + verbs in the Past Participle form.
          I/we/they/you/ + have + verb –in the past participle form.
          He/she/it + has + verb –in the past participle form.
          eg. I have lived in Bandung for ten years.

    The use of the present perfect tense :
    1.      The Present Perfect Tense is used to show that an action has been completed before the present time. This action has an effect on the present situation.
    eg. I have turned on the light.
         I have opened a letter.
         She has just returned from school.
         Sarah have been out for lunch
         Dick has lost his key

    2.      The Present Perfect Tense is used to show that an activity or a state that has continued for a period of time from a point in the past until the present. The action is not completed; it is still continuing up to the present.
    eg. I have lived in Java for fifty years.
         Peter has worked for Astra Internasional since 1998.
         Sam has lived in Bandung all his life.

    3.       The Present Perfect Tense is used when we talk about a period of time that continues up to the present.
    eg. Mr. Simon has smoked ten cigarettes today.

    Well, that`s all. What do you think? Is this easy or difficult? Yeah, we know that this is more difficult rather than simple past tense, but there are still more tenses which are have more difficult level rather than this. And, I hope this post can help you to learn about the past tense and also the present perfect tense. I`ll show another later! Thank You, and see yaaa!

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